India Law Journal

REFERENCES BY DR. ZIA AKHTAR

The Age of Enlightenment is a term used to describe the 18th century philosophical movement in which reason was advocated as the primary source of legitimacy and authority.

There is a Peoples Supreme Court at the apex of its judicial system. The remaining three levels are Higher People’s Courts, the Intermediate People’s Courts and the Basic Peoples Courts. Throughout the system, litigants are generally limited to one appeal, on the theory of finality of judgment by two trials. The appeals are often reviewed de novo as to both law and facts.

L Spirit d Lois (The Spirit of the Laws, Trans.Thomas Nugent. Published by J. Nourse. 1777, London) pp 221-237.

Dicey's rule of law was not accepted in full in England. The sovereign immunity existed on the ground of King can do no wrong'. It was not abolished until the 'Crown Proceedings Act, 1947. Prof. Dicey also could not distinguish arbitrary power from discretionary power, and failed to understand the merits of French legal system.

Perspective magazine, Vol. I No. 5 US, 2001
From January 1, 2007, the SPC reassumed power to review all death sentences handed down for immediate execution (sixing liji zhixing)—a move that Chinese officials claimed will help the government to “kill fewer and kill carefully.”

ww.reprieve.of.uk/2010_01_10akmal_shaikh_expert_panel- Sheikh says in his letter: I repeatedly objected as the translator was having trouble translating that I could not understand her but the judge refused another translator. When I was finally allowed to speak and read the statement I had prepared I was constantly interrupted by both the judges. First of all they did not want me to read it and they did not want to hear what I had to say. And the translator also kept interrupting saying that she could not understand to translate.At the end of the trial the court asked me for my written speech and kept it. The copy of my first judgment has been confiscated by the policeman at the Lucahn Detention Centre.

China's population is over 1.3 billion, the largest in the world. China plans to conduct its sixth national population census in 2010.

The 114-page report is based on previously undisclosed Communist Party and government documents, as well as local regulations, official newspaper accounts, and interviews conducted in Xinjiang.

Raz, Joseph. "The Rule of Law and It's Virtue", The Law Quarterly Review, volume 93, page 195 (1977)

The Preamble to the first Indian Constitution adopted on 26/11/49 states that it serves two purposes: - Tayal, B.B. & Jacob, A. (2005), Indian History, World Developments and Civics, pg. A-23.
A) It indicates the source from which the Constitution derives its authority;
B) It also states the objects, which the Constitution seeks to establish and promote.